¹Adapted from National Philanthropic Trust, “Glossary” www.nptrust.org/

²Adapted from Stephen Jones and Gareth Williams, “A Common Language for Managing Official Development Assistance: A Glossary of ODA Terms”, Oxford Policy Management, 2002.

³Thomas G. Weiss and Cindy Collins, Humanitarian Challenges and Intervention: World politics and the dilemmas of help. Boulder, Co: Westview, 1996: 219. Alex P. Schmid, “Thesaurus And Glossary of Early Warning And Conflict Prevention Terms (Abridged Version), FEWER, May 1998: 15.

⁴Adapted from International Alert, Resource Pack for Conflict Transformation, London, International Alert: March 2003.

⁵Joint Evaluation of Emergency Assistance to Rwanda, The International Response to Conflict and Genocide: Lessons from the Rwanda Experience, Study 3: Humanitarian Aid and Effects (Copenhagen: Steering Committee of the Joint Evaluation of Emergency Assistance to Rwanda, 1996), 143.

⁶Department for International Development, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, and Ministry of Defense, “The Causes of Conflict in Africa: Consultation document,” London: Cabinet Sub-Committee on Conflict Prevention in Africa, 2001.

⁷Commission on Human Security http://www.humansecurity-chs.org/

⁸Bajpai, Kanti. “The Idea of a Human Security Audit”, Kroc Institute Report #19, Autumn 2000 http://www.nd.edu/~krocinst/report/lead.html

⁹Collier, P. and A. Hoeffler, “On Economic Causes of Civil War,” Oxford Economic Papers 50, 1998: 563-573.

¹⁰Collier, 1998.

¹¹Keen, D., “The economic Functions of Violence in Civil Wars,” Adelphi Paper No 319. Oxford: Oxford University Press and International Institute for Strategic Studies, 1998.

¹²Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Development Assistance Committee “The DAC Guidelines: Helping Prevent Violent Conflict,” Paris, OECD-DAC, 2001, p. 23.

¹³See, for example, International Committee of the Red Cross, “The Fundamental Principles of the Red Cross and Red Crescent”, ICRC, 1996.

¹⁴Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict, “Preventing Deadly Conflict: Final Report” New York: Carnegie Corporation of New York, 1997; D. Fearon and David D. Laitin, “Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War”, American Political Science Review 97: 1, March 2003: 75-90.

¹⁵Nicholas Leader, “The politics of principle: the principles of humanitarian action in practice” HPG Report 2, London: Humanitarian Policy Group, Overseas Development Institute, March 2000: 7 and 27.

¹⁶John Seaman, “Malnutrition in Emergencies: How can we do better and where do the responsibilities lie?” in Disasters 23:4, December 1999: 306.

¹⁷Leader: 7 and 27.

¹⁸Leader: 7 and 27.

¹⁹Goodhand, 2001.

²⁰ http://lnweb18.worldbank.org/ESSD/sdvext.nsf/
67ByDocName/ConflictAnalysis

²¹ http://www.developmentgoals.org/